Adjectives followed by Prepositions

Hey, guys!

Follow below a small list of Adjectives Followed by Prepositions for your enjoy end help, of course.

abreast of (geralmente com stay ou keep): (manter-se) informado sobre. Ex.: I like to keep abreast of what is happening in my city.
accused of/by: acusado de/por. Ex.: He was accused of stealing. / He was accused by the police.
acquainted with: conhecer um pouco (alguém); saber um pouco (de algo). Ex.: Are you acquainted with Mary? / Are you acquainted with computers?
adjacent to: ao lado de. Ex.: The bank is adjacent to the bookstore.
angry at: zangado com. Ex.: Are you angry at me?
annoyed about/by (something): estar aborrecido com. Ex.: He was annoyed about the latest news. / She was annoyed by the noise from the street.
annoyed with/at (somebody): estar aborrecido com. Ex.: She was annoyed with John. / She was annoyed at John.
aware of: ciente de. Ex.: I was not aware of the rules.
bored with: aborrecido/chateado com. Ex.: Jason is bored with his job. / Anna is bored by Jeff’s behavior.
close to: perto de. Ex.: Is your house close to your school?
cluttered with: cheio de, abarrotado de. Ex.: My bedroom is cluttered with books and magazines.
committed to: comprometido com. Ex.: I am totally committed to the environment.
compatible with: compatível com. Ex. His lifestyle is not compatible with his salary.
composed of: composto de, feito de. Ex.: Our board of directors is composed of five women and three men.
concerned about: preocupado com. Ex. He is concerned about his daughter’s new relationship. (Há outras preposições possíveis com concerned, com significados diferentes.)
confronted with: enfrentar. Ex.: You are normally confronted with danger when you walk alone at night.
connected to: ligado a. Ex. My computer was connected to the internet yesterday.
connected with: relacionado com. Ex.: I think her problem is connected with bullying.
conscious of: consciente de. Ex.: I was conscious of the fact that she had helped me a lot.
content with: feliz com, satisfeito com. Ex.: They were content with the results. (Também usado na negativa, para dar ênfase. Ex.: Not content with the motorcycle, she bought a car.)
contrary to: contrário a. Ex.: The teacher’s attitude was contrary to the students’ expectations.
convinced of: convencido de. Ex.: They are convinced of the politicians’ wrongdoing.
covered with/in: coberto de/com. Ex.: The table was covered with dust. / The city was covered in ashes.
crowded with: cheio de. Ex.: The streets were crowded with buses. / Some beaches are crowded with Argentinean tourists.
dedicated to: dedicado a. Ex.: Her life was dedicated to English literature. (Her life was dedicated to studying English literature.)
devoted to: devotado a. Ex.: She was really devoted to her two sons. / This institute is devoted to teaching languages.
disappointed with: decepcionado com. Ex.: I was really disappointed with her reaction. (Também podemos usar at e about no lugar de with.)
discriminated against: discriminar (por). Ex.: It is illegal to discriminate people against their color. / I’ve never been discriminated against.
divorced from: divorciado de; desligado de. Ex.: Is your mother divorced from your father? / Your essay is completely divorced from the original text.
done with: terminado. Ex.: Are you done with the newspaper? I’d like to see the sports section.
dressed in: vestido com, usando. Ex.: The groom was dressed in a black suit.
engaged in: envolvido com. Ex.: Jennifer was engaged in her thesis.
engaged to: noivo de. Ex.: John is engaged to Susan.
envious of: com inveja de. Ex.: Her classmates were envious of her grades.
equivalent to: equivalente a. Ex.: Is the price of a Mercedes equivalent to that of a BMW?
exhausted from: exausto com. Ex.: The children were exhausted from the long trip.
exposed to: exposto a. Ex.: It’s dangerous to be exposed to the sunlight between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00p.m.
faithful to: fiel a. Ex.: You must be faithful to your beliefs. / He was not faithful to his wife.
familiar to: familiar para, conhecido de. Ex.: This smell is very familiar to me.
familiar with: familiarizado com. Ex.: Are you familiar with verb tenses?
filled with: cheio de. Ex.: Their faces were filled with fear when they saw the lion.
finished with: terminado, acabado de usar. Ex.: I’m finished with your book. You can take it.
fond of: gostar de. Ex.: I’m fond of country music. / I’m fond of surfing the internet.
friendly to/with: amigável com. Ex.: She was very friendly with her mother-in-law.
frightened of: assustado com, com medo de. Ex.: I was frightened of getting lost. / We were frightened of the frogs.
full of: cheio de. Ex.: The house was full of smoke.
furnished with: mobiliado com. Ex.: The living room was furnished with nineteenth-century tables and chairs.
grateful for: grato por. Ex.: I’m grateful for your help. / I’m grateful to you for your help.
grateful to: grato a. Ex.: I’m very grateful to you.
guilty of: culpado por. Ex.: He was considered guilty of both deaths.
innocent of: inocente de/por. Ex.: After the trial everyone knew he was innocent of his wife’s death.
interested in: interessado por. Ex.: I’m interested in literature. / I’m interested in learning literature.
invited to: convidado a/para. Ex.: Jack was upset because he had not been invited to the party.
involved in (something): envolvido em. Ex.: Two cars were involved in the accident.
involved with (somebody): envolvido com. Ex.: Jeff is involved with the teacher’s daughter.


See you later!!

SO…THAT / SUCH (A/AN)…THAT

SO…THAT
a) So…that can be used with an adjective.
Mary is so moody that no one likes her.

b) So…that can be used with an adverb.
Mary writes so quickly that no one can follows her.


SUCH(A/AN)…THAT
a) Such(a/an)…that can be used with a noun.
Patric is such a rascal that everboby hates him.

b) Such (a/an)…that can be used with an adjective preceding a noun.
Sam is such a good guy that we all like him.

Pay Attention!
Aunt Mary is so annoying, we never invite her to our parties.
Tom is such a nice guy, we always invite him to a our parties.
As shown in the sentences above, in formal spokem English, that can be omitted from so…that and such (a/an)…that clauses. In such cases, that is replace by a pause in speech or a comma in writing.

Regards.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND/INFINITIVE

VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND/INFINITIVE

There are some verbs in English that can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive without any change in meaning.
Paul likes to drink.
Paul likes drinking.

Let’s see some verbs:
-To begin/to continue/to start
-To hate
-To love/to prefer
-To remember
-To forget
-To regret
-To try

VERBS FOLLOWED ONLY BY GERUND

-To adorate/to appreciate/to enjoy
-to avoid/to detest
-To dislike
-To finish/to suggest
-To keep
-To mind

Regards.

TRANSITION WORDS

Transitions words ( or expressions) are used to form a logical connection between ideas.

Let see some examples:

Most people don't like weapons. However, fearing crime, they keep on arming themselves.
Most people don't like weapons. Fearing crime, they keep arming themselves.
Follow below, a small list of the transitions words and expressions you might use:

Time and Sequence:
next
soon
later
after
afterwards
since
at last
late
an so on
immediately
after a short time

Contrast:
but
however
on the other hand
although
yet
still
in spite of
on the contrary
even so
for all that
otherwise
after all


Listing and Adding:
in addition
also
moreover
similarly
besides
first
second
finally
and then
again
in the first place
too
equally important
last


Result:
therefore
consequently
as a result
for


Example:
for example
for instance
in other words
that is
in fact
take the case of
as has been noted

Emphasis:

even
actually
surely
in fact
certainly
indeed
undoubtely


Hugs,

Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive is usually used in certain fixed expressions that state a wish.

For all persons, including the third person singular, the Present Subjunctive is formed by the infinitive of the verbs without "to".

Verbs like suggest, insist, request, require, ask, order, demand, beg and other verbs of requesting, commanding, urging, or recommending are followed by the Present Subjunctive.

The Present Subjunctive is also used the construction it is important/vital/essential/necessary, etc...

It is necessary that he be punished.

I insist that she come now.

Peace be with you !

Heaven help us!

The doctor recommended that he stop smoking immediately.

Let's Fun !!

Bye bye !!

False Cognate

Falsos cognatos são palavras normalmente derivadas do latim que aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, e que têm portanto a mesma origem, mas que ao longo dos tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes.
No caso de palavras com sentido múltiplo, esta não-equivalência pode ocorrer em apenas alguns sentidos da palavra, e nem sempre no sentido principal. Aqui neste trabalho são considerados falsos cognatos apenas aquelas palavras que predominantemente ocorrem como tal no inglês moderno. Longe de ser exaustiva, esta lista de falsos cognatos serve apenas para exemplificar o problema com ocorrências comuns e freqüentes. É importante também lembrar que é forte a presença de vocábulos de origem latina no inglês, sendo que a porcentagem de ocorrência dessas palavras como falsos cognatos em relação ao português é insignificante - menos de 0,1%. Portanto, o iniciante no aprendizado de inglês não deve preocupar-se com qualquer probabilidade de erro ao interpretar palavras do inglês parecidas com palavras do português.

INGLÊS - PORTUGUÊS
Actually (adv) - na verdade ..., o fato é que ...
Adept (n) - especialista, profundo conhecedor
Agenda (n) - pauta do dia, pauta para discussões
Amass (v) - acumular, juntar
Anticipate (v) - prever; aguardar, ficar na expectativa
Application (n) - inscrição, registro, uso
Appointment (n) - hora marcada, compromisso profissional
Appreciation (n) - gratidão, reconhecimento
Argument (n) - discussão, bate boca
Assist (v) - ajudar, dar suporte
Assume (v) - presumir, aceitar como verdadeiro
Attend (v) - assistir, participar de
Audience (n) - platéia, público
Balcony (n) - sacada
Baton (n) - batuta (música), cacetete
Beef (n) - carne de gado
Cafeteria (n) - refeitório tipo universitário ou industrial
Camera (n) - máquina fotográfica
Carton (n) - caixa de papelão, pacote de cigarros (200)
Casualty (n) - baixa (morte fruto de acidente ou guerra), fatalidade
Cigar (n) - charuto
Collar (n) - gola, colarinho, coleira
College (n) - faculdade, ensino de 3º grau
Commodity (n) - artigo, mercadoria
Competition (n) - concorrência
Comprehensive (adj) - abrangente, amplo, extenso
Compromise (v) - entrar em acordo, fazer concessão
Contest (n) - competição, concurso
Convenient (adj) - prático
Costume (n) - fantasia (roupa)
Data (n) - dados (números, informações)
Deception (n) - logro, fraude, o ato de enganar
Defendant (n) - réu, acusado
Design (v, n) - projetar, criar; projeto, estilo
Editor (n) - redator
Educated (adj) - instruído, com alto grau de escolaridade
Emission (n) - descarga (de gases, etc.)
Enroll (v) - inscrever-se, alistar-se, registrar-se
Eventually (adv) - finalmente, conseqüentemente
Exciting (adj) - empolgante
Exit (n, v) - saída, sair
Expert (n) - especialista, perito
Exquisite (adj.) - belo, refinado
Fabric (n) - tecido
Genial (adj) - afável, aprazível
Graduate program (n) - Curso de pós-graduação
Gratuity (n) - gratificação, gorjeta
Grip (v) - agarrar firme
Hazard (n,v) - risco, arriscar
Idiom (n) - expressão idiomática, linguajar
Income tax return (n) - declaração de imposto de renda
Ingenuity (n) - engenhosidade
Injury (n) - ferimento
Inscription (n) - gravação em relevo (sobre pedra, metal, etc.)
Intend (v) - pretender, ter intenção
Intoxication (n) - embriaguez, efeito de drogas
Jar (n) - pote
Journal (n) - periódico, revista especializada
Lamp (n) - luminária
Large (adj) - grande, espaçoso
Lecture (n) - palestra, aula
Legend (n) - lenda
Library (n) - biblioteca
Location (n) - localização
Lunch (n) - almoço
Magazine (n) - revista
Mayor (n) - prefeito
Medicine (n) - remédio, medicina
Moisture (n) - umidade
Motel (n) - hotel de beira de estrada
Notice (v) - notar, aperceber-se; aviso, comunicação
Novel (n) - romance
Office (n) - escritório
Parents (n) - pais
Particular (adj) - específico, exato
Pasta (n) - massa (alimento)
Policy (n) - política (diretrizes)
Port (n) - porto
Prejudice (n) - preconceito
Prescribe (v) - receitar
Preservative (n) - conservante
Pretend (v) - fingir
Private (adj) - particular
Procure (v) - conseguir, adquirir
Propaganda (n) - divulgação de idéias/fatos com intuito de manipular
Pull (v) - puxar
Push (v) - empurrar
Range (v) - variar, cobrir
Realize (v) - notar, perceber, dar-se conta, conceber uma idéia
Recipient (n) - recebedor, agraciado
Record (v, n) - gravar, disco, gravação, registro
Refrigerant (n) - substância refrigerante usada em aparelhos
Requirement (n) - requisito
Resume (v) - retomar, reiniciar
Résumé (n) - curriculum vitae, currículo
Retired (adj) - aposentado
Senior (n) - idoso
Service (n) - atendimento
Stranger (n) - desconhecido
Stupid (adj) - burro
Support (v) - apoiar
Tax (n) - imposto
Trainer (n) - preparador físico
Turn (n, v) - vez, volta, curva; virar, girar
Vegetables (n) - verduras, legumes

PORTUGUÊS - INGLÊS
Atualmente - nowadays, today
Adepto - supporter
Agenda - appointment book; agenda
Amassar - crush
Antecipar - to bring forward, to move forward
Aplicação (financeira) - investment
Apontamento - note
Apreciação - judgement
Argumento - reasoning, point
Assistir - to attend, to watch
Assumir - to take over
Atender - to help; to answer; to see, to examine
Audiência - court appearance; interview
Balcão - counter
Batom - lipstick
Bife - steak
Cafeteria - coffee shop, snack bar
Câmara - tube (de pneu) chamber (grupo de pessoas)
Cartão - card
Casualidade - chance, fortuity
Cigarro - cigarette
Colar - necklace
Colégio (2º grau) - high school
Comodidade - comfort
Competição - contest
Compreensivo - understanding
Compromisso - appointment; date
Contexto - context
Conveniente - appropriate
Costume - custom, habit
Data - date
Decepção - disappointment
Advogado de defesa - defense attorney
Designar - to appoint
Editor - publisher
Educado - with a good upbringing, well-mannered, polite
Emissão - issuing (of a document, etc.)
Enrolar - to roll; to wind; to curl
Eventualmente - occasionally
Excitante - thrilling
Êxito - success
Esperto - smart, clever
Esquisito - strange, odd
Fábrica - plant, factory
Genial - brilliant
Curso de graduação - undergraduate program
Gratuidade - the quality of being free of charge
Gripe - cold, flu, influenza
Azar - bad luck
Idioma - language
Devolução de imposto de renda - income tax refund
Ingenuidade - naiveté / naivety
Injúria - insult
Inscrição - registration, application
Entender - understand
Intoxicação - poisoning
Jarra - pitcher
Jornal - newspaper
Lâmpada - light bulb
Largo - wide
Leitura - reading
Legenda - subtitle
Livraria - book shop
Locação - rental
Lanche - snack
Magazine - department store
Maior - bigger
Medicina - medicine
Mistura - mix, mixture, blend
Motel - love motel, hot-pillow joint
Notícia - news
Novela - soap opera
Oficial - official
Parentes - relatives
Particular - personal, private
Pasta - paste; folder; briefcase
Polícia - police
Porta - door
Prejuízo - damage, loss
Prescrever - expire
Preservativo - condom
Pretender - to intend, to plan
Privado - private
Procurar - to look for
Propaganda - advertisement, commercial
Pular - to jump
Puxar - to pull
Ranger - to creak, to grind
Realizar - to carry out, make come true, to accomplish
Recipiente - container
Recordar - to remember, to recall
Refrigerante - soft drink, soda, pop, coke
Requerimento - request, petition
Resumir - summarize
Resumo - summary
Retirado - removed, secluded
Senhor - gentleman, sir
Serviço - job
Estrangeiro - foreigner
Estúpido - impolite, rude (Rio Grande do Sul)
Suportar (tolerar) - tolerate, can stand
Taxa - rate; fee
Treinador - coach
Turno - shift; round
Vegetais - plants


Follow some false cognate that I leared in the 2º semester of 2009:
To edit - revisar
To publish - publicar


See you later !!

Currently, Nowadays and Actually - When I use them?

CURRENTLY

Sabe quando você estava acostumado a fazer algo de um jeito e agora faz de outro? Diga

I am currently a user of the Open Office Suite (<-- essa sou eu. Antes eu usava Microsoft Office)
The Wilson family currently lives in California (a família Wilson já morou em outros lugares antes)

Ou quando está acontecendo algo que é específico do momento atual, mas que deve mudar logo:

I'm currently without Internet access, so I will not be able to chat with you on Skype. No momento eu estou sem conexão à Internet, por isso não vou conseguir falar com você no Skype.

NOWADAYS

Pense em nowadays como algo um pouco mais amplo/estável, como o nosso hoje em dia:

We used to work in a small room. Nowadays we have our own building. A gente trabalhava em uma salinha. Hoje em dia, temos nosso próprio prédio.

Veja que podemos usar nowadays para os dois primeiros exemplos do currently, pois são coisas ou "mudanças" que vão continuar.

Nowadays I use the Open Office Suite.
Nowadays, the Wilson family lives in California.

Mas não usamos nowadays no terceiro exemplo (do acesso à Internet). Ninguém quer ter que dizer Hoje em dia eu estou sem conexão à Internet, a não ser que essa seja de fato a sua situação de todo dia...

ACTUALLY

E o actually, afinal? Essa palavra tem na maioria das vezes um sentido parecido com "na verdade" e aqui vão alguns exemplos para ilustrar.

Uma maneira muito usada é o que eu coloquei na dica sobre auxiliares. É quando você está, vamos dizer, corrigindo uma ideia errônea:

-You don't speak French. Você não fala francês.
- Actually, I do. Bonjour! (Na verdade) falo sim. Bonjour! <-- coloquei o Na verdade entre parênteses por que a gente usa mais o tom da voz, não? "Falo sim!"

Olha um exemplo usando currently e actually:

- We're currently experiencing problems with our printers. No momento, estamos com problemas com nossas impressoras.
- The printers have actually been fixed. Na verdade, as impressoras foram consertadas.

Outra maneira comum de usar o actually é com sentido de "de fato" ou "de verdade".

Last year our business was just a dream. I still can't believe we are actually making money with this! No ano passado o nosso negócio era só um sonho. Não consigo acreditar que a gente está ganhando dinheiro de fato/mesmo/de verdade com isso!

Mais um:

At first, blogging may seem intimidating [No começo, usar ou fazer blog pode dar medo]
Once you actually start a blog [uma vez que/ quando você começar mesmo um blog], you see that it's actually very simple [você vê que na verdade é bem simples].

See you later !!

TO DO – FIXED EXPRESSIONS

Now, we’re going to see the use of DO in some fixed expressions.


TO DO A PAPER – to write an extended essay on a particular subject, usually as an academic assign.
Ex: Ann, I can`t take you to the movies tonight. I have to do a paper on Modern American Drama, and I haven`t even starded it yet.

TO DO WELL (ON A TEST OR EXAMINATION) – to get an above average grade.
Ex: None of Professor Ann`s students did well on the finals.
TO BE DOING GREAT/FINE/TERRIFIC/ECT..-to be in good health; to be well.

TO BE DOING SOMETHING/ANYTHING IMPORTANT – to be busy with something that require one’s immediate attention.
Ex: Can you help me now or are you doing anything important?

TO BE DOING (A CERTAIN VELOCITY) – to drive at a certain speed.

TO DO FOR A LIVING – used in questions to find out how someone earns a living or what kind of works she/he does.
Ex: What do you do for a living?
       I`m an secretary.

TO DO SOMEONE A FAVOR – to do something good for someone.
Ex: Do me a favor and turn down the radio, will you? I have a terrible headache.

TO DO DAMAGE - to do physical harm to someone or something.

TO DO WITHOUT SOMETHING – to manage to survive without having something.
Ex: From now on, we have to do without meat. We simply can`t afford it.
TO BE DONE (WITH SOMETHING) – to have finished something.
EX: You can watch TV, Ann, as soon as you`re done with the dishes.

See you later, guys !!!

ADVERBS

Os Advérbios são palavras que modificam um verbo, um adjetivo ou um outro advérbio.
Em inglês, classificam-se, de maneira geral, em seis categorias:

1. Frequency (advérbios de freqüência): Estes vêm antes dos verbos comuns e são colocados depois dos verbos auxiliares em uma frase.São eles, entre outros:

always- sempre
never- nunca
sometimes - às vezes
often - freqüentemente
seldom - raramente
once - uma vez
twice - duas vezes


2. Manner (advérbios de modo): derivam de adjetivos e geralmente terminam por ly:

slowly- vagarosamente
quicly- rapidamente
carefully- cuidadosamente
fluently- fluentemente
patiently- pacientemente
kindly- gentilmente
really- realmente
hardly- mal
well- bem.


3. Time (advérbios de tempo):
now- agora
still- ainda
soon- logo
early- cedo
tomorrow- amanhã
yesterday- ontem
tonight- esta noite
last month- no mês passado
next week- na próxima semana
on Saturday- no sábado


4. Place (advérbios de lugar):

here- aqui
there- lá
everywhere- em todo lugar
above- acima
around- ao redor de
beside- ao lado de
upstairs- no andar de cima
downstairs – no andar de baixo


5. Degree or Intensity (advérbios de intensidade):

very- muito
too- demais
almost- quase
more- mais


6. Doubt ( advérbios de dúvida):

maybe/perhaps- talvez
probably- provavelmente
possibly- possivelmente



Exemplos de uso dos advérbios em um contexto:

Don’t you cry tonight, there’s a heaven above you, baby…(Não chore esta noite, há um paraíso sobre você, baby).

What I really wanna say I can’t define! (O que eu realmente quero dizer, não consigo definir!)

Girl, I’m leaving you tomorrow…(Garota, deixarei você amanhã...)

I will always love you! (Eu vou sempre amar você!)

Say it once, say it twice! (Diga uma vez, diga duas vezes!)

It’s too late, baby, now it’s too late… ( É tarde demais, querido, agora é tarde demais...)

SEE YOU LATER !!

THE USE OF DO TO AVOID REPETITION OF A PREVIOUS VERB

The auxiliary DO is used in different tenses and forms (did, does, didn't) to avoid repeating the verb used in the previous sentence.
Mother: Who made the cake?
Daughter: I did, Mom.
"I did, Mom." - instead of - "I made the cake, Mom."

1-Mary travels 10 hours a day. I don't know how she does it.
2-Most of the children came yesterday; just a few didn't.
In the fist case, DO is used as a full verb with the sense of performing an activity or task.
In the second case, DO is used as an auxiliary verb.
In both cases, do is used to avoid repetition of a previus verb.

DO is never an auxiliary when it's immediately followed by an object.
Don't forget to look over your class notes, Paul.
I've already done it, Mom.

TIMES OF FUTURE

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The form is:
SIMPLE FUTURE OF "TO HAVE" + PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB

The Future Perfect Tense refers to a completed action in the future. Is used in conjunction with such expressions as by the time, by this time, or by.
By the time we get there, the movie will have already starded.

The expression by the time can introduce either a past or a future idea.

The Future Perfect Tense refering to a completed action in the future is also used in clauses following such a verbs as believe, expect, hope, suppose or expressions of certainty.
I'm pretty sure she'll have received my envelope by the end of this week.

THE INTERROGATIVE FORM OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
How much will I have spent on clothes by September?

THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
I will not have spent on clothes by September.
I won't have spent on clothes by September.

BY THE TIME
This expression can introduce either a past or a future idea:
By the time we get there, the soap-opera will have already started.
By the time we got there, the soap-opera had alread started.
____________________________________________________________________

EXPRESSING FUTURE

What's difference between the use of the GOING TO Future and the Simple Future with WILL?

1-SIMPLE FUTURE WITH WILL: expresses a future action or state of being in which the element of certainty is not present:
I will travel to Paris next year. (If I have the time, the money, etc...)

2-GOING TO FUTURE: expresses a future action or state of being in which the element of certainty is present:
I'm going to travel to Europe next year. (I'm determined to go and I'm alread doing what is necessary to realize my future action).

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE AND GOING TO FUTURE
They can be used to refer to a future event in which the element of certainty is present.
Paul is seeing the doctor next monday - or - Paul is going to see the doctor next monday.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
It's can also be used to refer to a future event that will as part a program, or as part of as series of events that routinely take place. An adverb( like: tomorrow) or an adverbial phrase (like: next week, in three hours, ..) is usually combined with the Simple Present Tense.
Next week, he celebrate his 15th years old.

PASSIVE VOICE

The passive voice is used when we don't know or when it's not important to know who or what performed an action.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The form is:
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE + THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB
Brochures are being sent to all of the agency's custumers.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
The form is:
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE + THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB
Brochures were being sent to all of the agency's custumers.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The form is:
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE + THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB
Brochures has been sent to all of the agency's custumers.

PAST PERFECT TENSE
The form is:
THE PASTPERFECT TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE + THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB
Brochures had ben sent to all of the agency's custumers.

PHRASAL VERB'S LIST

Phrasal Verb
Definition
Example
.
act up
behave or function improperly
I think I need to take my car to the mechanic because it's acting up again.
.
add * up +
calculate a sum
I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46.
.
add up
make sense
Her story doesn't add up. I think she is lying.
.
add up to +
equal an amount
The total expenses added up to $325.00.
.
ask * out +
invite on a date
I can't believe that Joe finally asked me out on a date!
.
ask * over +
invite to one's home
Why don't we ask the Johnsons over for dinner?
.
back * up +
give support
You need examples to back up your opinion.
.
back down
stop defending your opinion in a debate
Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments.
.
back out
not keep (a promise, agreement,deal)
Sam backed out at the last second.
.
back out of +
not keep (a promise, agreement, deal)
Sam backed out of the agreement at the last second.
.
back up
move backwards, reverse
Could you back up a little so I can open this drawer.
.
bawl * out
criticize, reprimand (inf.)
She bawled him out for arriving late.
.
bear down on +
bite
The soldier had to bear down on the leather strap while the doctor removed a bullet from the soldier's arm.
.
bear down on +
take strong measures against
The U.S.A. is bearing down on drug traffickers.
.
bear on +
have to do with
This information may bear on this case.
.
bear up
withstand
I didn't think he would bear up so well in that situation.
.
bear up under +
withstand
How did he bear up under such extreme pressure.
.
bear with +
be patient
Please bear with me while I fill out the paperwork.
.
blow * up +
make explode;destroy using explosives
The terrorists blew the bridge up.
.
blow in
visit unexpectedly (inf.)
My cousin blew in unexpectedly with his entire family.
.
blow over
pass without creating a problem
All this negative publicity will blow over in a couple of weeks.
.
blow up
explode
The bomb blew up before they could defuse it.
.
blow up
suddenly become very angry
When Joan heard the news, she blew up and rushed out of the room.
.
break * down +
analyze in detail
We need to break this problem down in order to solve.
.
break * in +
wear or use something new until it is comfortable
I need to break these shoes in before I go hiking.
.
break * off +
end something
Sally broke her engagement to John off.
.
break * up +
break into pieces
I broke the cracker up into pieces and put it in the soup.
.
break * up +
disperse (a crowd), stop (a fight)
The police broke the demonstration up before it got out of control.
.
break down
stop working properly
The truck broke down in the desert.
.
break down
become mentally ill
She broke down after her husband died.
.
break in
interrupt
While we were discussing the situation, Terri broke in to give her opinion.
.
break in
enter a place unlawfully
The burglar broke in between midnight and 3 AM.
.
break in on +
interrupt (a conversation)
Jane broke in on the conversation and told us to get back to work.
.
break into +
enter a house unlawfully
The burglar broke into the house between midnight and 3 AM.
.
break into +
interrupt (a conversation)
Jane broke into the conversation and told us what she knew.
.
break out
appear violently
Violent protests broke out in response to the military coup.
.
break out +
use something extravagant for celebration
He broke out the champagne to celebrate his promotion.
.
break out of +
escape
The murderer broke out of the prison.
.
break up
end a relationship
Sam and Diane broke up again. What a rocky relationship.
.
bring * about +
cause to happen
Democracy brought about great change in the lives of the people.
.
bring * along +
bring with
When we go to the forest, bring your wildlife guide along.
.
bring * around
change someone's mind, convince someone
She doesn't want to go, but we'll eventually bring her around.
.
bring * away
learn or gain (from an experience)
My trip across the Sahara was difficult, but I brought a new appreciation for life away from the experience.
.
bring * off +
succeed at something difficult or unexpected
You robbed the bank! I can't believe you brought that off.
.
bring * on +
cause something
I can't believe she got so angry. What brought that on?
.
bring * out +
highlight, stress
Your new shirt brings out the color of your eyes.
.
bring * over +
bring to someone's house
When you visit me, why don't you bring over your son.
.
bring * to
revive consciousness
We used smelling salts to bring her to after she fainted.
.
bring * up +
mention
I didn't want to bring up the fact that she was unemployed.
.
bring * up +
raise ( a child)
Sam was brought up in South Carolina.
.
brush * off +
ignore something or someone (inf.)
Mary brushed her ex-boyfriend off at the party.
.
burn * down +
destroy by setting fire to
The children burned the house down while playing with matches.
.
burn * up +
destroy by fire
He burnt up the files.
.
burn down
burn until completely gone (building)
Two buildings burnt down in the fire.
.
burn up
be hot
I am burning up in here - open the window.
.
burn up
consume by fire
The papers were burned up in the fire.
.
buy * out +
buy the shares of a company or the shares the other person owns of a business
Pacific Inc. was bought out by a company from Oregon.
.
buy * up +
purchase the entire supply of something
We bought up all the beer in the store.
.
call * off +
cancel something
They called the picnic off because of the rain.
.
call * off +
order to stop (an invasion, guard dogs)
He called off the dogs when he saw it was his neighbor.
.
call * up +
telephone
I called Sam up to see if he wanted to go to the movies.
.
call for +
require (as in a recipe)
This recipe calls for milk, not water.
.
call on +
visit
Mark called on Naomi while he was in town.
.
call on +
invite someone to speak in a meeting or a classroom
Professor Tanzer called on Tim to answer the question.
.
calm * down +
make someone relax
You can calm the baby down by rocking her gently.
.
care for +
nurse someone or something
He cared for the bird until its wing healed.
.
care for +
like someone or something
I don't care for sour cream on my potato.
.
carry * out +
complete and/or accomplish something
The secret agent carried out his orders exactly as planned.
.
carry * over +
continue on a subsequent day, page, etc.
The meeting carried over into lunch time.
.
carry on +
continue (a conversation, a game)
Please, carry on. I didn't mean to interrupt you.
.
carry on about +
continue in an annoying way
He kept carrying on about how much money he makes.
.
carry on with +
continue
I want you to carry on with the project while I am out of town.
.
catch on
slowly start to understand (inf.)
He caught on after a few minutes.
.
catch up
make up for lost time
I will never catch up. I am too behind in my work.
.
catch up on +
become up-to-date
I need to catch up on world events. I haven't seen the news in ages.
.
catch up with +
speed up to be at the same place as a person or thing in front of you
I had to run to catch up with the others.
.
check * off +
make a mark next to (an item on a list)
Check each name off the list.
.
check * out +
investigate, take a look at
He checked out the new restaurant down the street.
.
check * over +
closely examine the condition of something
He checked over the old car to see if it was worth buying.
.
check * through
send luggage through (to a destination)
Your luggage will be checked through to Paris.
.
check back
return to see if everything is OK
We will check back tomorrow to make sure the project is finished.
.
check by +
go to a place to see if everything is OK
We need to check by the office to see if the documents are ready.
.
check for +
try to find
They checked for termites before they bought the house.
.
check in
enter a hospital, hotel etc.
They need to check in before noon.
.
check into +
enter a hospital, hotel etc.
They checked into the hotel at 11:00 AM.
.
check into +
investigate, look for (often through a service)
We are checking into discount flights to London.
.
check on +
make sure something is OK
Let's check on the baby again before we go to sleep.
.
check out
leave a hotel, hospital
It's already eleven. We need to check out.
.
check out of +
leave a hotel, hospital
We checked out of the hotel before ten.
.
check up on +
investigate someone or something
The police are checking up on the bomb threats.
.
check with +
ask a person for confirmation
He needs to check with his parents before he goes.
.
cheer * up
make someone feel cheerful
The party really cheered me up.
.
cheer up
become cheerful
Cheer up. Everything will be all right.
.
chew * up +
chew into small pieces
The dog chewed up my shoe.
.
chop * down +
fell/cut ( a tree)
The lumberjack chopped the tree down.
.
chop * up +
chop/cut into small bits
He chopped the meat up into little pieces.
.
clean * up +
tidy
Susan cleaned the mess up before she left.
.
clear * up +
tidy
Susan cleared up the mess before she left.
.
clear out
leave ( inf.)
Everybody clear out! We're closed.
.
close * down +
close a place permanently
The corner market closed down because they didn't have many customers.
.
close * up +
close temporarily
They are closing the ski resort up for the summer.
.
close down
close permanently
The bar was closed down because they served alcohol to minors.
.
close in on +
approach and threaten
The rebels were closing in on the capital, so the government called in the army.
.
close up
close temporarily
The ski resort is closing up for the summer.
.
come about
occur / happen
How did you idea for the book come about.
.
come across +
discover by accident
They came across some lost Mayan ruins in the jungle.
.
come across +
initially seem or have the appearance
He comes across as rather rude, but he isn't.
.
come along
accompany someone
If you want, you can come along.
.
come along
progress
How's the research paper coming along.
.
come along with +
accompany
Sam came along with us to the beach.
.
come along with +
progress
How are you coming along with the research paper.
.
come away
leave a place with a particular feeling or impression
I came away from the meeting feeling like the presentation was a success.
.
come back
return
What time are you coming back?
.
come by
visit a person at their house
I'll come by later this afternoon.
.
come by +
get, receive
How did you come by that new Mercedes?
.
come down with +
become sick with
He came down with the flu.
.
come into +
inherit
He came into a large sum of money when his aunt died.
.
come off +
fall off, break off
The handle came off the suitcase when I picked it up.
.
come out
appear
I didn't see the car at first. It came out of nowhere.
.
come out
reveal you are homosexual
Sam finally came out last month.
.
come out
turn out, end up
The pictures came out great.
.
come out with +
produce and distribute a product
Microsoft is coming out with a new video game system next month.
.
come over
visit someone at their house
Why don't you come over after work for dinner.
.
come through
do what is needed or expected
Terry really came through for us in the end.
.
come to
regain consciousness
Don't worry! She faints all the time. She always comes to after a few minutes.
.
come up to +
approach; to equal
The job offer didn't come up to her expectations.
.
come up with +
produce or create (an idea, a plan)
She came up with a great proposal for the new advertising campaign.
.
come with +
include (an accessory)
The computer system doesn't come with a printer.
.
count * in +
include
Did you count expenses in?
.
count * out +
exclude
You can count James out. He hates playing poker.
.
count * up +
add
Count the change up and see how much we have.
.
count on +
depend/rely on
You can really count on Sarah.
.
crack down on +
become tougher on, better enforce laws on
The police have been cracking down on drunk driving.
.
crack up
laugh uncontrollably, laugh a lot
When I told the joke, they all cracked up.
.
crack up at +
laugh uncontrollably about, laugh a lot about
I cracked up at his joke.
.
cross * out +
draw a line through something, eliminate
Why did you cross my name out on the list?
.
cut * off
interrupt someone while they were speaking
She cut him off before he said something he would regret later.
.
cut * off +
sever ( with a knife)
His finger was accidentally cut off in an industrial accident.
.
cut * out
stop an action
Cut it out! You're bothering me.
.
cut * out +
remove
He cut the bone out of the steak.
.
cut * up +
cut into small pieces
He cut the beef up and put the pieces in the soup.
.
cut down
decrease the amount of
You eat too much fat. You need to cut down.
.
cut down on +
decrease the amount of
You need to cut down on your fat intake.
.
cut in
interrupt
She suddenly cut in and delivered the news
.
cut in on +
interrupt
She cut in on the conversation and delivered the news.
.
die away
diminish in intensity
The applause died away after 5 minutes.
.
die down
diminish in intensity
The controversy about the president's affair finally died down.
.
die off/out
become extinct
Whales are in danger of dying off.
.
disagree with +
cause to feel sick due to food or drink
Spicy food disagrees with me.
.
do * over +
repeat
You made many mistakes, so I want you to do the report over.
.
do away with +
abolish
Some Americans want to do away with the death penalty.
.
do without +
manage without something one wants or needs
I couldn't do without a car in California.
.
draw * up +
create ( a contract)
Let's draw an agreement up before we go any further with this project.
.
dress * down
reprimand severely
The mother dressed her son down for skipping school.
.
dress * up +
decorate
You could dress this house up with some bright colors
.
dress down
dress casually
I am dressing down because we're going to a barbecue by the beach.
.
dress up
wear elegant clothes
She always dresses up at work.
.
drive * back +
repulse
The invaders were driven back by the army.
.
drop in
visit someone unexpectedly
Meg dropped in yesterday after dinner.
.
drop in on +
visit someone unexpectedly
Let's drop in on Julie since we're driving by her house.
.
drop out
quit an organized activity
Yuri isn't on the team any more. He dropped out.
.
drop out of +
quit an organized activity (school)
It's difficult to get a good job if you drop out of high school.
.
drop over
visit someone casually
Drop over any time you feel like talking.
.
eat * up +
devour
Ken ate the cookies up.
.
eat away
gradually destroy, erode
The heavy rains ate away at the sandstone cliffs.
.
eat in
eat inside the home
We usually eat in instead of going out for dinner.
.
eat out
eat outside the home
They eat out once a week.
.
face up to +
acknowledge something difficult or embarrassing
I'll never be able to face up to my colleagues after getting so drunk last night at the work party.
.
fall back on +
be able to use in case of emergency
Yuki can fall back on her degree in biology if she doesn't succeed in her acting career.
.
fall behind
go slower than scheduled, lag
Hurry up or you will fall behind!
.
fall behind in +
go slower than scheduled, lag
Cheryl has missed several days of school and now she is falling behind in her homework.
.
fall off
decrease
Interest in the project fell off when they realized it wouldn't be profitable.
.
fall out with +
have an argument with
I had a falling out with my sister last month and we haven't talked to each other since.
.
fall through
fail to happen
Unfortunately, my trip to Indonesia fell through because I couldn't save enough money.
.
feel * up +
grope
She sued her boss for sexual harassment after he felt her up.
.
feel up to +
have the energy to do something
I don't feel up to going out tonight because I had a long day at work.
.
fight back
Defend oneself - fight against or resist strongly
The pocice fought back when the criminals started attacking
.
figure * out +
solve something, understand
I finally figured the joke out. Now I understand why everybody was laughing.
.
figure * up +
calculate
I need to figure my expenses up before I give you an estimate.
.
figure on +
expect
Where do you figure on living when you move to the the U.S.A.?
.
fill * in +
complete
Don't forget to fill in all the blanks on the application.
.
fill * out +
complete (an application)
I filled out an application to rent the apartment last week.
.
fill * up +
fill to the top
Fill the car up with unleaded gas, please.
.
fill in
substitute
Who is going to fill in while you're gone?
.
fill in for +
substitute for
Miguel filled in for me at the meeting yesterday because I was sick.
.
fill out
mature, get breasts (preencher um documento)
Now that you're filling out honey, we need to get you a bra.
.
find out
discover
Vicky's parents are going to be so mad when they find out she got a tattoo.
.
find out +
discover
You will never find out all my secrets!
.
fix * up +
repair, renovate, remodel
My neighbors are fixing their house up.
.
get * across +
cause to be understood
It's difficult to get humor across in another language.
.
get * off
remove ( a spider from your shirt)
Can you get this spider off my shirt?
.
get * off +
send (a package)
I finally got my sister's birthday present off yesterday.
.
get * on
put on (clothes)
You should get your jacket on because it's going to be cold.
.
get * up
cause someone to rise (from a sitting position or a lying position)
Ahmed got Abdul up at 5:30 in the morning by turning the music up really loud.
.
get ahead
make progress
I can't get ahead even though I work two jobs.
.
get ahead of +
surpass
You need to work overtime in order to get ahead of schedule.
.
get along
have a good relationship
Do you and your sister get along?
.
get along with +
have a good relationship
Giovanna doesn't get along with her two brothers.
.
get around
go many places
It's easy to get around town with public transportation.
.
get around +
avoid someone or something
Some people get around paying taxes by hiring a good accountant.
.
get away
escape
The bank robbers got away.
.
get away with +
do something against the rules or illegal and not get caught or punished
My sister gets away with everything!
.
get by
survive without having the things you need or want
I lost my job, so I am having a hard time getting by this year.
.
get by on +
survive with minimal resources
It's nearly impossible to get by on making minimum wage.
.
get by with +
manage with
You don't need a computer. You can get by with the typewriter.
.
get down to +
get serious about a topic
Enough small talk. Let's get down to business.
.
get in
enter
Get in. I will give you a ride to school
.
get in +
enter ( a car, a small boat)
Get in the front seat. You will have more leg room.
.
get off
leave
It's dangerous to sit on the roof. Get off!
.
get off
idiomatic phrase - How does he justify saying that?!
Where does he get off saying that?!
.
get off +
leave (a bus, plane, train, boat)
We need to get off the bus at the next stop.
.
get on
enter (a bus, train), mount (a horse, a bike)
The train is leaving. Quick, get on!
.
get on
have a good relationship
Natasha doesn't get on with her co-workers.
.
get on +
enter (a bus, train), mount ( a horse, a bike)
Get on my bike and I will give you a ride home.
.
get on with +
have a good relationship
Do you get on with your neighbors?
.
get on with +
continue an activity
Now that the police have left, let's get on with the party!
.
get out of +
exit (a small boat, car, an enclosed area)
I fell into the water when I tried to get out of the canoe.
.
get over +
recover (a cold, a disease, an ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend)
Jennifer still hasn't gotten over her breakup with Peter.
.
get through
penetrate
The door was jammed, so we couldn't get through.
.
get through (with) +
finish
Have you gotten through with your homework yet?
.
get through +
complete
We will never get through all of these boxes by 9:00 PM.
.
get through +
penetrate
We need a stronger drill to get through this wall.
.
get through to +
make contact
It's hard to get through to Janet because her telephone line is always busy.
.
get up
rise (from sitting position or a bed)
What time did you get up this morning?
.
give * away +
give something without asking for anything in exchange
Why did Nancy give all of her furniture away?
.
give * away +
betray (a secret)
We are having a surprise party for Susan next Saturday, so don't give our surprise away by acting suspicious.
.
give * back +
return something you borrowed
When are you going to give that book back to your teacher?
.
give * out +
distribute
I earn extra money by giving out brochures on the street.
.
give * up +
surrender something
The police told the thief to give his gun up.
.
give in
stop trying
Never give in! You can do it!
.
give out
become very tired (inf.)
I hope this car doesn't give out in the middle of the desert.
.
give up
surrender
Never give up learning English!
.
give off +
release (a smell, light)
That white flower gives off a beautiful smell.
.
go away
leave
I yelled at the dogs to make them go away.
.
go back
return
When are you going back to your house?
.
go back on +
not keep (one's word, a promise)
Don't trust him. He always goes back on his promises.
.
go by +
go past, go close to, visit quickly
We go by the coffee shop everyday.
.
go down
decrease
The cost of flight tickets is going down.
.
go for
idiomatic phrase - I am craving pepperoni pizza.
I could go for pepperoni pizza.
.
go for +
try to achieve
Our team is going for the gold medal in the Olympics.
.
go in for +
participate ( inf.)
Are you going to go in for soccer this year at school?
.
go into +
discuss in detail
I really don't want to go into that now.
.
go off
explode
The bomb could go off at any moment.
.
go off
begin, start (used with signals, alarms, warning sounds)
The alarm clock went off at 6:00 AM.
.
go off
stop (said of a machine)
The DVD player goes off automatically if you are not using it.
.
go off
become angry
Maria went off last night after I told her about losing her bike.
.
go on
continue
Please, go on. Don't let me interrupt you.
.
go on
happen
This place is a mess! What went on here last night?
.
go on with +
continue ( a plan, a conversation)
I think we should go on with the meeting and stop wasting time.
.
go out
stop burning ( a fire)
The fire went out after three days.
.
go out
take part in social activities (usually at night)
They love to go out every Saturday night.
.
go over
be well received, succeed
That didn't go over well.
.
go over +
review
Do you usually go over your notes before class?
.
go through +
examine in detail, study carefully
I need to have my lawyer go through this contract before I sign it.
.
go through +
endure; experience challenges, difficulties or traumas
She has gone through so much in her life.
.
go through with +
continue or proceed despite difficulties or fears
I have decided to go through with the operation.
.
go with +
match (clothing)
That shirt doesn't go with those pants.
.
go with +
accompany a person
I am going with Alejandro to the party.
.
go with +
have a boyfriend/girlfriend
I am going with Yuri.
.
go without +
abstain from something you want or need
A person can go without water for three days.
.
grow under
go out of business
The restaurant went under after it lost its liquor license.
.
grow up
mature
Your brother needs to grow up and start thinking about his future.
.
hand * back +
return
Is the teacher going to hand back our tests today?
.
hand * down +
pronounce formally
The president is going to hand his decision down on health care tonight.
.
hand * down +
give as an inheritance
When my clothes got too small for me as a child, I handed them down to my sister.
.
hand * in +
submit
I have to hand in an offer by March 12.
.
hand * out +
distribute
We should hand the concert fliers out at school.
.
hand * over +
relinquish control of
Hand your car keys over. You're too drunk to drive.
.
hang * up +
suspend (clothes on a hanger)
You can hang your jacket up in the front closet.
.
hang around
stay in a place for fun
Those guys just hang around all day.
.
hang around +
stay in a place for fun ( inf.)
Maria and Salvador usually hang around the beach after school.
.
hang out
stay in a place for fun
What are you doing? - - I'm just hanging out.
.
hang out +
stay in a place for fun (inf.)
Let's go hang out at the mall tonight.
.
hang up
put down the telephone receiver
Don't hang up. I'm going to change phones.
.
have * on +
wear
Do you have your hiking boots on?
.
have * over
invite guests to your home
Why don't we have Mr. and Mrs. Jones over for dinner tonight.
.
hear from +
receive news from (a letter, an e-mail)
Have you heard from Steve lately?
.
hear of +
know about something or somebody
Have you heard of chocolate covered ants?
.
hit on +
find on accident
I hit on the idea while watching the Simpsons show.
.
hit on +
flirt with
Jay's friend Marc was trying to hit on my sister last night.
.
hold * back +
restrain
The police held the demonstrators back while the politicians entered the building.
.
hold * off +
restrain
Mr. Johnson held the dog off while we crossed the yard.
.
hold * up +
delay (a flight, traffic);
The accident held traffic up for an hour.
.
hold * up +
rob (a bank, a person) with a weapon
Five men held the bank up yesterday.
.
hold back
not allow to advance in school
The teacher held Frank back a year, so he couldn't enter fifth grade.
.
hold off on +
delay
We should hold off on making dinner until your parents arrive.
.
hold on
grasp tightly
Hold on tight! The roller coaster is about to take off.
.
hold on
tell someone to wait on the telephone
Hold on a minute. I'll get Carol.
.
hold on to +
grasp tightly
Make sure you hold on to the hand rail as you walk down the stairs.
.
hold out
not give in, continue to resist
Stop holding out and tell us where you found all of these old records.
.
hold out against +
not give in, resist
They held out against enemy attack.
.
hook * up +
make the electrical connections required for a machine or information service
Can you hook up the fax machine for me?
.
iron * out
eliminate
We need to have a meeting this week in order to iron out the distribution problems.
.
jack up +
to raise
We need to jack up the car before we change the tire.
.
joke around
to be humorous
Mike is always joking around at work.
.
jump in
enter a conversation
Feel free to jump in at any moment while we are talking.
.
jump to +
make a quick, poorly thought out decision
You shouldn't jump to conclusions.
.
keep * around
have handy, have accessible
I always keep a dictionary around to translate new words.
.
keep * away
prevent access to, hold back
Keep the kids away from the cookies.
.
keep * back
maintain a safe distance, cause to maintain a safe distance
Keep back! The burning building is about to collapse.
.
keep * down
not vomit, not throw up, keep in one's stomach
If I ate that, I down know if I could keep it down.
.
keep * in
keep in a particular place, have something in a specific location
When I am not using it, I keep my passport in this drawer.
.
keep * off
prevent from stepping or climbing on to something
Keep the cat off the couch.
.
keep * out
prevent from entering
Keep the dog out of the garden; he keeps digging up the flowers.
.
keep * over
cover something with, put something above
I keep a tarp over my bicycle at night to prevent it from getting wet.
.
keep * up +
continue
You are doing a great job! Keep it up.
.
keep at +
not give up (an activity), to persevere
You should keep at your studies.
.
keep on
continue
He kept on talking after everybody asked him to stop.
.
keep to +
continue, persist in (an activity)
Everybody said she would never finish the puzzle, but she kept to it until it was done.
.
keep up
stay on the required schedule
You have to keep up if you want to work here.
.
keep up with +
stay on schedule with (a person, the workload, homework)
I have so much reading that I can't keep up with the writing exercises.
.
kick back
sit or lie back (to relax)
After work, I like to kick back in front of the TV and relax.
.
kick in
begin taking effect
The medicine takes one hour to kick in.
.
lay * off +
suspend someone from a job (during a slow period)
The company was losing money, so they had to lay off 100 workers.
.
lay * out +
arrange
Why don't we lay the pieces of the table out before we put it together.
.
lay down +
establish (laws, rules)
Lori lays down the law in her class. English only!
.
lay in on +
scold or criticize severely
My mom really laid in on me when I got home at 4:00 in the morning last night.
.
lay into +
scold or criticize severely
I saw Reto's mom lay into him when he came home late last night.
.
lay away +
save for the future
Why don't you lay away your wedding outfit?
.
leave * out +
not include, omit
Why did your parents leave you out of their vacation plans?
.
let * down
disappoint
I felt let down when I didn't receive a birthday card from my sister.
.
let * down
lengthen (pants in sewing)
My uncle is a tailor, so he can let your pants down.
.
let * out
release
I am happy my brother was let out of prison early.
.
let * out
make bigger (in sewing)
I need to let out this skirt because I have gained weight.
.
let up
weaken in intensity
I told her NO a thousand times, but she won't let up.
.
lie down
rest, recline
I need to lie down before we go out tonight.
.
lie down on +
rest, recline ( on a couch, bed)
I'm going to lie down on the sofa for a while.
.
lie with +
be decided by
Whether or not you can go to the party lies with your father.
.
light * up +
illuminate
Let's get some candles to light this room up.
.
light up +
to smoke
Do you have to light up another cigarette? I thought you were trying to cut down.
.
live * down +
live in a way that a shameful or embarrassing event is forgotten
Jose will never live down singing that song at the karaoke bar.
.
live on +
survive from
I could live on bread and cheese.
.
live up to +
keep a standard
It would be hard to live up to her parent's expectations. They are so demanding.
.
look * over +
examine, review
When I'm camping, I look my shoes over before I put them on.
.
look * up +
search for (in a dictionary)
I takes time to look up new vocabulary words.
.
look * up +
locate and visit
If you ever travel to California, you should look me up.
.
look after +
take care of (a child, a house, a pet)
When my sister goes on vacation, I look after her dog.
.
look back on +
to remember nostalgically
When I look back on my childhood, I often feel angry.
.
look down on +
see as inferior
She's so conceited. She looks down on everybody else.
.
look for +
to seek or search for
I'm looking for my keys. Have you seen them?
.
look forward to +
anticipate with pleasure
I am looking forward to traveling to New York next year.
.
look into +
investigate
The police are looking into the murder.
.
look on
observe as a spectator
Everybody just looked on as the two men fought.
.
look out
be careful, pay attention, heed a certain danger
Look out, there's a black widow spider on the wall.
.
look up to +
respect, admire someone
He looks up to his father.
.
make * out
decipher
I can't make out your handwriting. What does this say?
.
make * out +
write a check or other document
Who should I make this check out to?
.
make * over
do again
The teacher made me do my homework over.
.
make * up +
invent ( a story)
Don't believe anything she says. She always makes things up.
.
make * up +
complete what was missed
Fortunately, my professor let me make up the exam I missed yesterday.
.
make * up +
put on cosmetics
I takes me 10 minutes to make my face up.
.
make out
succeed
He really made out in the stock market last year.
.
make out
progress
How is your son making out in his new job?
.
make out
kiss passionately
I saw Benno and Isabelle making out in the movie theater last night!
.
make out with +
kiss someone passionately
Did you make out with Sally?
.
make up
reconcile
You two have been friends for so long that I think you should make up.
.
make up for +
compensate for
Allen made up for being late by getting me flowers.
.
mix * up +
confuse
I sometimes mix the verb tenses up.
.
mix * up +
blend
We need to mix up these different kinds of nuts before we put them in a bowl.
.
mix * up +
make lively (a party)
Let's mix up this party with a little disco music.
.
name * after +
name a child using another family member's name
I was named after my grandfather.
.
nod off
fall asleep
The movie was so boring that I nodded off before it was finished.
.
nose around +
sneak around
I hate it when my mother noses around my room.
.
occur to +
pop into one's mind, come to one's mind
It didn't occur to us that we had left the iron on.
.
open up
share feelings
I'm glad that John feels comfortable enough around me to open up.
.
out to + verb
try to
She is out to get revenge now that her husband left her for another woman.
.
pan out
be successful, turn out well
The trip to Vegas didn't pan out.
.
pass * off +
try to convince someone that something is real
He tried to pass the fake watch off as a real Rolex.
.
pass * on +
transmit
Please pass this message on to your co-workers.
.
pass * out +
distribute
We need to pass out these flyers for the concert tomorrow.
.
pass * up +
not take advantage (of an opportunity)
I can't believe she passed up the opportunity to study in Rome.
.
pass away
die
After battling cancer for several years, he finally passed away at the age of 87.
.
pass on
die
I am afraid Professor Johnson has passed on.
.
pass on +
not accept (an invitation to eat or do something)
Jennifer passed on the invitation to join us for dinner.
.
pass out
become unconscious
He passed out because the room was too hot.
.
pay * back +
repay
If I loan you money, will you pay me back.
.
pay * off +
complete payment on a debt
It took me ten years to pay off my credit card debt.
.
pay * off +
to bribe
Don't try to pay the police officer off if you get pulled over for speeding.
.
pick * out +
choose
Diane picked out a lovely dress for the dance.
.
pick * up +
to lift an object with the hands
Keep your back straight when you lift the TV up.
.
pick * up +
come and get someone in a car
What time are you going to pick me up.
.
pick * up +
learn something without effort
It's possible to pick up enough English in two weeks to get by on your trip to Los Angeles.
.
pick * up +
try to initiate a relationship with someone (often in a bar)
Some weird guy tried to pick Patricia up at the bar.
.
pick on +
to tease, bully
She keeps picking on me! Make her stop.
.
pick up
grow, increase (inf.)
Business is really picking up this quarter.
.
play * down +
make less important (inf.)
The President played down his affair with the intern.
.
play * up
highlight something (inf.)
She played up her part in the new movie, but it was actually a very small role.
.
play up to +
flatter someone for your personal advantage
She has been playing up to the boss because she wants a promotion.
.
point * out +
indicate
I'd like to point out that figures in column two might be outdated.
.
pull down
earn
He pulls down about $300,000 a year.
.
pull in
park (a vehicle)
Mark pulled in too quickly and crashed into the wall.
.
pull out
depart (a vehicle)
Our train pulls out at 8:00, so don't be late.
.
pull through
barely survive
I didn't think she was going to make it, but she pulled through in the end.
.
put * across +
communicate (an idea or suggestion) clearly so that it is understood
I thought Ms. Smith put her ideas across rather clearly in the meeting.
.
put * away +
return to the proper place of storage
I told you kids to put your toys away.
.
put * down +
insult, say bad things about
She always puts down people who don't share her opinions.
.
put * off +
postpone
Don't put off your work - do it now!
.
put * on +
wear
Make sure you put on a sweater before you go outside.
.
put * on +
deceive
I didn't believe a thing he said. I think he was putting me on.
.
put * out +
extinguish (a fire)
Don't use water to put out a grease fire.
.
put * out +
inconvenience someone
I don't want to put you out, but could you pick me up at the airport.
.
put * up
have a guest stay in your house for a short time
Can you put me up while I'm in town.
.
put in +
officially submit a request (in the armed forces or public services)
He put in for a transfer to the division in Los Angeles.
.
put out +
spend (usually used with unreasonably large sums of money)
I can't put out that much money each month.
.
put up with +
tolerate
Sandy will not put up with smoking in her house.
.
quiet * down +
be quiet, or cause to be quiet
The neighbors told us to quiet down last night or they would call the police.
.
read up on +
research a topic for a reason
I need to read up on the company before I go on the job interview.
.
ring * up
telephone
Jack rung me up last night at 3:00 in the morning.
.
rule * out +
eliminate
I wouldn't rule out the possibility of moving to another country if I get a good job offer.
.
run * down
trace
Have you run down those phone numbers I asked for last week?
.
run * down
criticize
My boss runs everyone down.
.
run * down
hit with a car
My dog was run down by a bus.
.
run * off
reproduce (photocopies)
Would you mind running off 10 copies of this document for me?
.
run * off +
make leave
The new government is trying to run the drug traffickers off.
.
run across +
find or meet unexpectedly
I ran across some old photos while I was cleaning my house.
.
run against +
compete in an election
Gore ran against Bush in the 2000 elections in the U.S.A.
.
run away
leave home permanently before you are a legal adult
The child ran away because her parents beat her.
.
run away from +
escape from
The child ran away from its parents.
.
run down
loose power, be very tired
You need to wind your watch so it doesn't run down.
.
run for +
campaign for a government position
Gore is running for president of the U.S.A.
.
run into +
meet unexpectedly
I ran into my English teacher at the movies last night. She's so nice!
.
run off
leave quickly
Why did you run off after the party?
.
run off
waste water
You shouldn't swim where the sewage runs off into the ocean.
.
run out of +
not have any more of something
We ran out of milk this morning, so we need to go to the store.
.
save * up +
accumulate (money)
I hope I will be able to save up enough money to go to school.
.
see * off
say good-bye to someone at the beginning of their trip (at the airport, train station)
Did you see your sister off at the train station?
.
see * through
finish something despite difficulties
Are you going to be able to see your studies through now that you have a baby?
.
see about +
arrange or consider something
My dad said he was going to see about buying me a car.
.
see to +
make sure something happens, arrange
I'll see to it that Mr. Ramirez gets your message.
.
sell * out
tell on someone
My partner in crime sold me out for a reduced jail sentence.
.
set * up
falsely incriminate a person
I don't think he killed those men. Somebody set him up.
.
set * up
arrange a relationship
My mom set me up with her friend's son.
.
set up +
arrange (an appointment, a meeting,etc.)
I set up an appointment with my doctor at 3:30 this afternoon.
.
settle on +
make a decision after a period of time
I settled on the job at the oil company.
.
settle up
pay one's debts
We need to settle up before you move.
.
show * off +
show to everybody with a lot of pride
He always shows off his new things.
.
show * up
make someone seem inferior
He's always trying to show up his co-workers in order to get ahead.
.
show off
boast, draw attention to oneself
Young boys show off in order to impress girls.
.
show up
arrive without previous notice
I hadn't seen my cousin for years, and all of a sudden, he showed up at my workplace yesterday!
.
shut * off
stop from functioning
If you don't pay your electric bill, your power is going to get shut off.
.
shut * up
make quiet
Would someone shut him up! He's talking so loudly that we're going to get in trouble.
.
slow * down +
make move more slowly
Because Mary's level in English is lower than the rest of the students, she slows the class down.
.
slow * up +
make move more slowly
Because Mary's level in English is lower than the rest of the students, she slows the class up.
.
spell * out +
to explain something in a detailed way so that the meaning is clearly understood
He's so stupid that you have to spell everything our for him.
.
stand * up
not arrive to a date or an appointment (inf.)
I arranged to meet Joe at the library at 8:00, but he stood me up. I hope he has a good excuse.
.
stand by
wait
I need you to stand by and answer the phone when my broker calls.
.
stand for +
represent
SCUBA stands for "self contained underwater breathing apparatus."
.
stand for +
tolerate
I won't stand for people criticizing me.
.
stand out
be very noticeable
Soledad is so beautiful! She really stands out in a crowd.
.
stand up for +
defend (something one believes in)
Every individual must stand up for what they believe in.
.
stand up to +
defend oneself against someone or something
I think you should stand up to your older brother and tell him to stop pushing you around.
.
stay over
spend the night at a person's house
It takes you so long to take the bus home, so why don't you just stay over?
.
stick it to +
severely criticize a person (inf.)
My boss really stuck it to me when I arrived late to work for the third time this week.
.
stick to +
persevere, keep trying
Even though English is a hard language to master, you must stick to it!
.
stick up for +
defend oneself or opinions
Joseph joined the army because he believes he must stick up for his country.
.
take * away +
remove, seize or capture
The soldiers took the captives away.
.
take * back +
retract something you said
I demand that you take back what you said.
.
take * back +
return an item to a store
The dress my grandmother bought for me didn't fit, so I took it back and exchanged it for a pair of pants.
.
take * down +
write down what is said
Would you mind taking down my messages while I am on vacation?
.
take * down +
remove (from a high place)
The city government made the shop take down their bright, neon sign.
.
take * for
consider, view as
Do you take me for an idiot?
.
take * in +
learning
Are you taking in all of these phrasal verbs?
.
take * in +
deceive a person
He was taken in by the con artist.
.
take * in +
make smaller when sewing
I lost weight, so I need to take some of my skirts to the tailor to have them taken in.
.
take * off
when a plane or rocket leaves the ground
My stomach felt funny when the plane took off.
.
take * off +
remove
In many cultures, it is appropriate to take off your shoes when entering a house.
.
take * off +
leave work or school for a period of time
I was sick last week, so I took a few days off of work.
.
take * out +
accompany a person on a date (for dinner, the movies)
I can't meet you tonight because I am taking Fernanda out to dinner.
.
take * over +
take control of
Who is going to take over the family business when Aretha's father dies?
.
take * up +
begin a new hobby
Have you taken up any new hobbies since you moved here?
.
take * up +
discuss (at a later date)
We should take this issue up in the meeting tomorrow.
.
take * up +
shorten a garment when sewing
This dress is too long, I am going to take it up.
.
take after +
resemble a parent or relative
I take after my father. Who do you take after?
.
take off
leave
We took off after dinner.
.
take on +
accept (responsibilities, work)
She has taken on too much responsibility in this project.
.
take over
take control of
If the President is assassinated, the Vice-president will take over.
.
take up +
occupy space
This couch takes up too much space in the living room.
.
talk * over +
discuss
I hope my parents talk their relationship problems over before they get divorced.
.
talk back
respond in an impolite way to an adult
Don't talk back!
.
talk back to +
respond in an impolite way to an adult
Children should not talk back to their parents.
.
tear * down +
destroy
The county decided to tear down the dilapidated school and build a new one.
.
tear * up +
tear or rip into small pieces
I always tear up my personal papers before I throw them out.
.
tell * off +
criticize a person severely, reprimand (inf.)
Carolina told me off when she found out I was gossiping about her date with Martin.
.
tell on +
report a crime to the police or bad behavior to a parent
Every time I did something wrong when I was a child, my sister would tell on me.
.
think * over +
consider
Think over the offer before you sign the contract.
.
think * through +
consider carefully
You need to think this through carefully before you make a decision.
.
think * up +
create or invent a false story
I need to think up an excuse for not going to her party.
.
throw * away +
discard
Don't throw away those bottles; we can recycle them.
.
throw * out +
discard
I asked him not to throw out the Sunday newspaper because I wanted to save an article.
.
throw * out +
remove by force from (a room, school, a house, etc.)
Mary threw out her roommate because she stopped paying rent.
.
throw up
vomit
If you drink too much alcohol, you might throw up.
.
tie * up +
tie securely
When we dock, make sure you tie the boat up.
.
tire * out
cause someone to be very tired
Speaking English all day tires me out.
.
touch * up
make the final improvements
We didn't paint the whole kitchen, we just touched up the cabinets.
.
touch on +
talk about for a short time
The presidential candidates touched on the subject of health care during the debates.
.
try * on +
put on to make sure a piece of clothing fits
Try on the pants before you buy them.
.
try * out
test
Try out this massage chair - it feels great!
.
turn * around
change or reverse direction
Turn the car around and go back home.
.
turn * away
refuse to deal with or give service
They turned us away at the border because we didn't have visas.
.
turn * down +
refuse an offer; reject an application
She turned down the new job in New York, because she didn't want to move.
.
turn * down +
lower the volume or intensity of a TV, radio, or other machine
I'm studying! Please turn down the TV.
.
turn * in
submit
You need to turn your essays in next week.
.
turn * off +
stop the function of (a stove, a water faucet, a car, etc.)
Don't forget to turn off the iron before you leave the house.
.
turn * on
cause to be excited sexually
Scientists have discovered that the smell of cinnamon turns many people on.
.
turn * on +
start the function of a TV, a radio, a machine
Turn on the TV. The baseball game starts in a few minutes.
.
turn * out
produce
The weavers can turn out two or three rugs a month.
.
turn * out
switch off a light
Turn out the light before you go to bed.
.
turn * over
give to authorities (said of evidence or stolen / lost property)
They turned the wallet over to the police.
.
turn * up +
increase the volume or intensity of a TV, radio, or other machine
Turn up the TV. I can't hear what they're saying.
.
turn in
go to bed (inf.)
It's getting late. I think it is about time to turn in.
.
turn into +
become something different, transform
When she kissed the frog, it turned into a handsome prince.
.
turn on +
attack unexpectedly
The pit bull suddenly turned on the small child.
.
turn out
audience members to a function
Over 100,000 people turned out for the concert.
.
turn out
end up being
She turned out to be the murderer after all.
.
turn up
find unexpectedly
My keys turned up in the bedroom.
.
use * up
use all of something
I used up all of the soap, so we need to buy some more.
.
veer away from +
stay away from, avoid
I veer away from the same old summer blockbuster films
.
yak on
to continue talking in an annoying way ("on" can be repeated for emphasis)
He just yakked on and on and on.
.
yak on about +
to continue talking in an annoying way about something ("on" can be repeated for emphasis)
She just yakked on and on about her husband's new job.
.
yammer on
to talk in an annoying way or complain ("on" can be repeated for emphasis)
They yammered on and on and on.
.
yammer on about +
to talk in an annoying way about something or complain about ("on" can be repeated for emphasis)
He just yammered on and on about how horrible the waiter was.
.
zero in on +
discover, pinpoint
I think I have zeroed in on what has been causing the problem.
.
zip around +
move quickly from place to place
I zipped around town after work today.
.
zone out
stop paying attention
He zoned out during class.
.
zonk out
fall asleep
Jill was so exhausted after taking the TOEFL test that she zonked out before dinner.
.
zoom in
focus
You need a telephoto lens to zoom in.
.
zoom in on +
focus on something, pinpoint
She zoomed in on his face while taking the picture.

OUGHT TO

*Ought to has the same meaning as should.
*It's used when we giving advice, incluing to ourselves, to say what we think is the best or the right thing to do.
My friend doesn't look very well. She ought to see a doctor.

What's the difference between ought to and must?
*Must is used to express strong obligation.
I must go to the hospital now, my mother had an acident.
*Ought to is used to express strong probility.
I ought to call John.

The negative form of ought to is formed by placing not between ought and to:
Mary ought to be driving.
Mary ought not to be driving / or / Mary oughtn't to be driving

The negative form ought to is normally used in British English. The form shouldn't is used in Americam English.
You oughtn't to call Beth for a party.(rare)
You shouldn't call Beth for a party.(common)

The interrogative form of ought to is formed by placing the subject between ought and to:
He ought to learn drive a car.
Ought he to learn drive a car?
It's also very rarely used.
What time do you think I ought to arrive at Beth's party?
What time do you think should I arrive at Beth's party?

In the tag questions, the particle to is not used. Look:
My friend oughtn't to be so rude, ought he?
My friend to be more polite, oughtn't he?
To form the affirmative tag: ought + pronoun
To form the negative tag: oughtn't + pronoun