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PHRASAL VERBS - IN PORTUGUESE

Os phrasal verbs são combinações de palavras (verbo+partícula) com significado próprio:

A) Muitos phrasal verbs são combinações de um verbo+uma preposição:
LOOK FOR:
Daniel is looking for a new apartment. Can you help him? (look for = search)



B) Outros são formados por um verbo+um advérbio:
GET UP
What time you usually get up? (get up = wake)

C) E outros que são formados por um verbo+um advérbio+uma preposição:

GET ON WITH
Do you get on with your neighbors? (get on with = have a good relation)

D) Outros phrasal verbs têm significado semelhantes ao do verbo base, sendo que a partícula costuma ser usada para ênfase: sit down, wake up, hurry up, add up, etc...

Please sit down and wait for the doctor.
Wake up! You're late for school!
Hurry up! We'll miss the flight!

E)Porém, a maioria dos phrasal verbs tem significado idiomático: o sentido não se relaciona diretamente (muitas vezes nem indiretamente) com o significado do verbo base:
She gave up smoking last year. (Ela parou de fumar no ano passado).


F) Muitos phrasal verbs são usados para significados completamente diferentes em diferentes contextos ou situações. Onde é muito importante, sempre levar em consideração o contexto da frase.

TAKE OFF
1-To remove something you are wearing.
Anna took her clothes off and had a shower.

2-To leave the ground and rise into the air.
What time does your plane take off?

GO OFF
1-Explode
A bomb went off in São Paulo this morning.

2-To become inappropriate to eat or drink because it's not fresh anymore.
Milk usually goe off after a few days.

G) Conhecer o sentido usual das partículas é uma estratégia muito útil em muitos casos:
Exemplo: a partícula UP costuma ter sentido de "completamente", "por completo", como:
eat up: to eat all of something
After eating up your vegetables, you can have dessert.

fill up: to make a container full by putting liquid/things in it.
Is it better to fill up a gas tank when it reaches half or almost empty?

H) Os phrasal verbs estão presentes no dia-a-dia dos nativos de língua inglesa, por isso é necessário nos esforçar para aprendê-los.
Segue alguns exemplos básicos:
Stand up
Sit down
Lie down
Get up
Wake up
Come from (Brazil)
Turn on (the TV, the computer)
Turn off

COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH

Colloquial forms of speech are often nothing more than simplifications of the standard forms.
Follow below some examples:

Standard: What are you doing tomorrow?
Colloquial: Whatcha doin' tomorrow?

Standard: I don`t want to stay here.
Colloquial: I don`t wanna stay here.
Standard: He's got a lot of money.
Colloquial: He's gotta lot a' money.
Standard: I'm going to watch TV.
Colloquial: I'm gonna watch TV.

Standard: What did you do last night?
Colloquial: Whadja do last night?

See you!

MAKE in fixed expressions

What do you make of this/that?
Ex: What did you make of the Mayor's speech?
Well, I really didn't like it.

Not to know what to make of something
Ex: I didn't know what to make of Professor Duncan's comments. He was very ambiguous.

To make faces
Ex: Will you stop making faces? You look like Frankenstein!
Note: One may also make faces as a gesture of playfulness.

To make faces at someone
Ex: After the professor chewed out the class, the students made faces at him behind his back.

To make room for someone
Ex: My brother is going to the movies with us. We'll have to make room for another person in the car.

To make + adjective + noun
Ex: I think Laura would make a great politician. She really knows how to make speeches.

To make somentone + adjective
Ex: One thing that really makes me mad is having to wait.

COMPARED: DO and MAKE

TO DO
Often suggests to be engaged in, perform or execute some activity.

What are you doing? I'm reading the newspaper.

DO MAKE
Often means to construct, create or prepare something.

What are you making? I'm making lasagna.

POSSESSIVE CASE

1- Personal names that end in s in the singular can make the possessive with either an apostrophe and an extra s or simply an apostrophe. The apostrophe and the extra s is the most commom.
Charles's car. ( is more commom than...) Charles' car.

2- Classical names often make the possessive simply with an apostrophe.
Venus' beauty. Socrates' words.

3- No matter whether a personal name ending in s takes an apostrophe with or without an extra s, in spoken English, an extra unstressed syllable/iz/ is added.

4-When a name ends in ss, its possessive form is always 's.
Mr. Cross's house is sheer luxury!

5- Regular plurals make the possessive with just an apostrophe.
Dogs' noses are generally cold.

6-When there are two or more possessors of the same belongings or possessions, the apostrophe can be attached either to each possessor or simply to the last possessor.
Mark and Joanne's daughter is a beautiful girl.
Mark's and Joanne's daughter is a beautiful girl.

See you later!!

Home Appliances in English

Hi guys! Following below some home appliances in English for you increase your vocabulary.
Let see too, some expressions generally used with them.

I hope that you like it.

1. Microondas: Microwave
Ex: They love microwave popcorn.

2. Geladeira: Fridge, refrigerator
Ex: His mother caught him raiding the fridge.

3. Fogão: Stove
Ex:The milk boiled over on the stove

4. Ferro de passar roupa: Iron
Ex: She got an iron as a present.

5. Liquidificador: Blender, liquidizer
Ex: Her blender broke this morning.

6. Batedeira: Mixer
Ex: He said the mixer is missing.

7. Aspirador de pó: Vacuum cleaner
Ex: This vacuum cleaner uses a lot of energy.

8. Ar condicionado: Air conditioner
Ex: An air conditioner would make things easier.

9. Aparelho de som: Stereo
Ex: Where did you buy this stereo?

10. Máquina de lavar roupas: Washing machine
Ex: That washing machine was on sale.

11. Aparelho de DVD: DVD player
Ex: He sent his DVD player to be fixed.

12. Máquina de lavar louça: Dishwasher
Ex: We need a new dishwasher.

13. Ventilador: Fan
Ex: Go and get the fan, please

Have a nice study !!