PHRASAL VERBS - IN PORTUGUESE

Os phrasal verbs são combinações de palavras (verbo+partícula) com significado próprio:

A) Muitos phrasal verbs são combinações de um verbo+uma preposição:
LOOK FOR:
Daniel is looking for a new apartment. Can you help him? (look for = search)



B) Outros são formados por um verbo+um advérbio:
GET UP
What time you usually get up? (get up = wake)

C) E outros que são formados por um verbo+um advérbio+uma preposição:

GET ON WITH
Do you get on with your neighbors? (get on with = have a good relation)

D) Outros phrasal verbs têm significado semelhantes ao do verbo base, sendo que a partícula costuma ser usada para ênfase: sit down, wake up, hurry up, add up, etc...

Please sit down and wait for the doctor.
Wake up! You're late for school!
Hurry up! We'll miss the flight!

E)Porém, a maioria dos phrasal verbs tem significado idiomático: o sentido não se relaciona diretamente (muitas vezes nem indiretamente) com o significado do verbo base:
She gave up smoking last year. (Ela parou de fumar no ano passado).


F) Muitos phrasal verbs são usados para significados completamente diferentes em diferentes contextos ou situações. Onde é muito importante, sempre levar em consideração o contexto da frase.

TAKE OFF
1-To remove something you are wearing.
Anna took her clothes off and had a shower.

2-To leave the ground and rise into the air.
What time does your plane take off?

GO OFF
1-Explode
A bomb went off in São Paulo this morning.

2-To become inappropriate to eat or drink because it's not fresh anymore.
Milk usually goe off after a few days.

G) Conhecer o sentido usual das partículas é uma estratégia muito útil em muitos casos:
Exemplo: a partícula UP costuma ter sentido de "completamente", "por completo", como:
eat up: to eat all of something
After eating up your vegetables, you can have dessert.

fill up: to make a container full by putting liquid/things in it.
Is it better to fill up a gas tank when it reaches half or almost empty?

H) Os phrasal verbs estão presentes no dia-a-dia dos nativos de língua inglesa, por isso é necessário nos esforçar para aprendê-los.
Segue alguns exemplos básicos:
Stand up
Sit down
Lie down
Get up
Wake up
Come from (Brazil)
Turn on (the TV, the computer)
Turn off

PHRASAL VERBS

A) WHEN YOU HOLD OUT YOUR HAND, YOU STRETCH IT OUT IN FRONT OF YOU,
USUALLY IN ORDER TO TAKE SOMETHING FROM SOMEONE OR TO SHAKE HANDS
WITH THE PERSON.
The dark-haired man is holding out his hand.

B) IF YOU GO THROUGH SOMETHING SUCH AS AN EVENT OR A PERIOD OF TIME,
ESPECIALLY AN UNPLEASANT ONE, YOU EXPERIENCE IT.
He knows what his friend is going through.

C) WHEN SOMETHING SUCH AS A PROBLEM,A PAIN, ECT., GOES AWAY, IT
DISAPPEARS.
The pain will go away in a few days.

D) IF YOU RUN AFTER SOMEONE OR SOMETHING THAT IS MOVING, YOU GO
AFTER THEM IN ORDER TO CATCH THEM OR TO STOP THEM
She’s running after the thief.

E) WHEM YOU GIVE UP AN ACTIVITY, A TASK, ETC., YOU STOP DOING IT USUALLY
BECAUSE IT’S TOO DIFFICULT OR BECAUSE YOU’RE NOT INTERESTED IN IT
ANY MORE.
She gave up smoking last year.

F) IF THE POLICE ARE LOOKING FOR YOU AND YOU GIVE YOURSELF UP, YOU LET
THE POLICE CATCH YOU.
He’s giving himself up.

G) WHEN YOU COME ACROSS SOMETHING OR SOMEONE, YOU FIND OR MEET THEM BY CHANCE, WHITOUT HAVING EXPECTED TO.
They’ve come across a new store.

H) WHEN YOU SAY YOU’LL GO WITH SOMETHING, YOU MEAN YOU’LL CHOOSE THIS THING OVER SOMETHING ELSE.
I’ll go with the milk.

I) TO KNOCK OVER SOMETHING OR TO KNOCK SOMETHING OVER IS TO CAUSE IT TO FALL BY PUSHING OR HITTING IT,OFTEN ACCIDENTALLY.
The boy knocked over the juice bottle.

J) IF YOU GO ALONG WITH A PERSON OR AN IDEA, YOU AGREE WITH THE PERSON OR ACCEPT THE IDEA.
I go along with you when you say that David shouldn’t have dropped by without calling us first. That was very impolite.

K) WHEN A MACHINE OR VEHICLE BREAKS DOWN, IT STOPS WORKING.
I think the washing machine has broken down again, dear.

L) TO PLAY AROUND WITH SOMETHING IS TO DEAL WITH IT IN A CASUAL, CARELESS WAY.
My fahter's always playing around with things he doesn't understand.

M) WHEN YOU MESS UP, YOU DO SOMETHING VERY BADLY.
I can't believe you messed up again. You've had so many lessons about english, but you stil don't know what you should or should not say.

N) TO LIVE DOWN A MISTAKE, FAILURE OR FOOLISH ACTION IS TO MAKE IT BE FORGOTTEN.
If her sister hear about what you did to the bike, she'll never let you live it down.